Japan's space agency, JAXA, aborted an engine test for the Epsilon S rocket after a fire broke out at the Tanegashima Space Center on Tuesday.
"There was an abnormality during today's combustion test. We are trying to assess what happened," JAXA said.
Footage on NHK showed flames and smoke rising from the site.
Nobody reported hurt
No injuries were reported, and the cause of the incident is under investigation.
Japan's space program has faced several setbacks, including failed launch attempts of the new H3 launch system.
lo/jsi (AFP, Reuters)