How the Data Center Debate May Shape the Midterms

Outrage over proposed data centers surged across America, from the Birthplace of Rock ’n’ Roll to Kansas corn country, amid a heated U.S.–China technology race, turning server farms into one of the defining issues of the midterm elections this fall.

In some primaries, candidates who backed the artificial intelligence (AI) boom were given the boot by voters who preferred politicians encouraging guardrails—or a hard stop—before big tech turned country pastures into concrete parks.

Meanwhile, the Trump administration has said AI-related development is imperative to protect U.S. interests and ensure national security.

Here’s how the data center debate could weigh on some national elections this fall.

Voter Sentiment

Americans have grown protective of remaining open space after seeing acreage—larger than the size of Florida—be converted from rural or agricultural land into urbanized landscape between 1982 and 2017, according to data released by NumbersUSA’s USA Sprawl project.

A lot of the development was due to population growth, but now some fear data centers will scoop up additional land.

“It’s not that Americans think that all of that development was bad, but they’re taking the trade-offs very seriously,” Jeremy Beck, the co-president of NumbersUSA, told The Epoch Times.

“You see that in the polling. They’re concerned about water. They’re concerned about resources.”

Voters told The Epoch Times they’re worried new tech developments would strain local water resources, increase electricity bills, boost governmental surveillance, or become another abandoned building if the AI bubble bursts.

“Data centers are politically interesting because they make the national AI and energy debate a local issue,” Energy policy analyst Yagiz Sullu told The Epoch Times.

“Most voters may not track data center policy, but they do notice changes in electricity bills, water use, new infrastructure, tax incentives, and development in their neighborhoods.”

Voters in a handful of states, including Wyoming, told The Epoch Times that their votes during recent primary elections were swayed by a candidate’s stance on data centers.

In Wyoming, local opposition helped shape the state’s gubernatorial and U.S. Senate primary election in mid-August in very different ways.

President Donald Trump’s endorsement fell short in the Cowboy state’s gubernatorial primary when his pro-data center pick, Megan Degenfelder, lost to Republican Eric Barlow.

Some voters told The Epoch Times during the primary election that a candidate’s stance on data centers played a role in how they voted.

Degenfelder, who received 29.6 percent of the vote, supported the data center boom, suggesting the United States needed to win the AI technology race against China.

Barlow, who won 45 percent of the vote, had a more cautious approach to data centers, suggesting local leaders should control their development.

In Kansas, the physics teacher who was dragged out of an Emporia City Commission meeting and arrested because he clapped when people spoke in opposition to the data center told The Epoch Times he fears the AI bubble could pop and leave his city with more empty buildings.

“I don’t want them to spend, you know, 5 to 10 years building a data center, only for the AI bubble to finally burst and crash,” Lux Claridge said.

Claridge and his wife, Jessica Danford, told The Epoch Times they were “all in” on Democrat Cindy Holscher to be the next governor of Kansas due to her proposed moratorium on data centers.

Holscher is facing Republican Ty Masterson in the state’s gubernatorial primary.

However, while serving in the state Senate, Holscher and Masterson both supported state legislation to expand data centers.

Holscher walked back her stance after announcing her run for governor, calling for a statewide moratorium on new data centers until Kansas has “common-sense guardrails” to protect taxpayers and natural resources.

Meanwhile, Masterson said all data centers must “cover their own power and infrastructure costs.”

David McGarry, research director of the government watchdog group Taxpayers Protection Alliance, does not think that citizens will vote out their representatives who have not acted swiftly on AI and data center concerns ahead of the midterm elections.

“I doubt that Congress’s lack of action will overtake the kitchen table issues as voters decide which candidates and which party are best positioned to improve everyday lives for Americans,” McGarry told The Epoch Times.

McGarry predicts the midterm races will be decided on larger national issues, such as the economy. 

Candidates’ Response

Some candidates have underscored just how important the impact of data centers and AI was to their constituents.

During the U.S. Senate primary in Wyoming, voters told The Epoch Times they backed candidates who worked to protect their communities and appreciated when U.S. Rep. Harriet Hageman, the Republican nominee for U.S. Senate, demanded accountability from Meta after its Cheyenne Data Center contaminated the city’s wastewater system.

Hageman, a Trump-backed Republican, is saddling up to face Democratic state Rep. James Byrd, who wants a “full stop” on data center development, in the general election for the U.S. Senate seat this fall.

Some pro-data center candidates kept their name on the ticket.

In Nevada’s gubernatorial primary election, incumbent Joe Lombardo, who is pro-data centers, won in a landslide and will face Democratic Attorney General Aaron Ford this fall.

Lombardo promised to protect people from rising costs as he vouched for data centers, suggesting they will bring jobs, investment, and economic growth to Nevada.

Ford wants to pause new tax breaks for the centers until they can prove they will provide their own clean energy, grid upgrades, and water.

The Cook Political report ranks the race as a toss-up.

In the Texas U.S. Senate race, Attorney General Ken Paxton beat incumbent John Cornyn in the GOP primary runoff election and then pitched a “Texas First Data Center Plan” on Aug. 24, which puts guardrails on proposed centers.

“My Texas First Data Center Plan will protect our grid, our communities, and our children while ensuring America beats Communist China in the AI race,” Paxton wrote in an X post on Aug. 24.

His opponent, Democrat James Talarico, also proposed guardrails and stopping “data centers from being built in our communities if they cannot meet the most basic demands of those communities.”

The Cook Political report moved the U.S. Senate race’s ranking in Texas from Lean Republican to Toss Up on Aug. 20.

Meanwhile in Arizona, gubernatorial candidates Rep. Andy Biggs (R-Ariz.), a Republican, and incumbent Gov. Katie Hobbs, a Democrat, agreed on issuing a moratorium on tax incentives and subsidies for businesses wanting to bring a data center to Arizona.

In Tennessee, Trump-backed GOP state Sen. Brent Taylor will face Democratic state Rep. Justin Pearson for the remapped District 9, which stretches all the way from the Memphis area to just south of Nashville.

Pearson has strongly opposed Elon Musk’s Colossus, a supercomputer that powers Grok.

“In Congress, one of my top priorities will be to establish data center regulations to protect our families,” Pearson wrote on Sept. 3.

Taylor suggested he will make “data centers pay their own way instead of passing the costs on to everyone else.”

Working With Trump

The election this fall can help decide if the president’s agenda during his remaining years in the White House will be a success or a standstill, including with AI.

Trump dismissed concerns about data centers and AI in a Truth Social post on Sept. 14. The president urged that expansion needs to continue in order to win the world’s AI race, and especially against China.

“There is a SICK conspiracy going on against AI and Data Centers, and the only one that is happy about it is China,” Trump said.

“WHOEVER WINS AI, WINS! We are leading China, and all others, and will continue to do so. Conspiracy Theorists, Treasonists, Traitors, and Leakers, BEWARE! Thank you for your attention to this matter!”

Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei urged artificial intelligence companies to slow the development of their most advanced models after Jacob Coxon, a former OpenAI researcher who resigned from Anthropic, suggested on Sept. 8 that people building AI think that it could kill us all “by the end of the decade.”

The calls caught the attention of Congress, prompting many proposals such as the Ratepayer Protection Act, which landed in the Senate after it passed the House 417–3.

But any new bills by U.S. representatives won’t move fast, as House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) sent members home for an early recess that will last until after the November midterm elections.

The early recess received pushback from 107 members of Congress, who urged Johnson to keep the House in session so they can address how AI risks “mass cybersecurity breaches and development of biological or chemical weapons,” according to a press release shared by U.S. Rep. Gabe Vasquez (D-N.M.).

Johnson mostly sides with Trump about the AI issue, telling CNN’s Jake Tapper on “State of the Union” on Sept. 13 that he worried regulation ordered by Congress would make America lose the race to the Chinese communist regime.

Some Republicans have differed from Trump’s position, such as Sen. Jon Husted (R-Ohio) and Rep. John James (R-Mich.), who both have elections this fall.

The lawmakers warned that rapid data center growth will affect their constituents, who worry about power bills rising, water issues, and control.

“I say not one more data center until we PROTECT our people,” James wrote in an X post on Sept. 14.

Husted, who was appointed to fill Vice President JD Vance’s U.S. Senate seat in 2025, is running in a special election on Nov. 3 to keep his position. James is the GOP nominee for Michigan governor.