Hundreds of years ago, millions of bison freely roamed North America.
By the end of the 19th century, however, bison went nearly extinct in the United States. Years of overhunting, the rise of an international market for bison hides, further westward expansion, and the “Great Slaughter,” backed by the U.S. government and lasting from 1820 to 1880, reduced millions to an estimated 1,000 animals. Since then, recovery and conservation efforts have helped the bison population rebound to between 400,000 and 500,000.









